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SEC Company Response from CHOICE HOTELS INTERNATIONAL (CHH) — Dec 19, 2007

CHOICE HOTELS INTERNATIONAL INC /DE (CHH) (CIK 0001046311)
Date: Dec. 19, 2007 · CIK: 0001046311 · Accession: 0001193125-07-268199

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File numbers found in text: 001-13393

Date
December 19, 2007
Author
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CORRESP
Company
CHOICE HOTELS INTERNATIONAL INC /DE (CHH) (CIK 0001046311)

Letter

Via EDGAR and Facsimile to (202) 772-9210 Division of Corporation Finance Securities and Exchange Commission Re: Choice Hotels International, Inc. Definitive 14A Filed March 30, 2007 File No. 001-13393

Dear Ms. Gowetski,

On behalf of Choice Hotels International, Inc., this responds to your letter of December 5, 2007, in which you commented on our letter to you dated November 9, 2007, regarding our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the 2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Each of your comments is set forth below, followed by our response.

Comment 1

We have reviewed your response to comment no. 3 and reissue the comment. Please revise your disclosure in future filings to identify all the component companies of the survey data, including “non-customized” surveys, if you are benchmarking to them. Refer to Item 402(b)(2)(xiv) of Regulation S-K.

Jennifer Gowetski

Attorney-Advisor

Division of Corporation Finance

December 19, 2007

Page

Response

In the future, we will identify all component companies of any survey that is used for benchmarking purposes.

Comment 2

We note your response to comment no. 7. Please disclose your performance targets, or if you intend to exclude these targets, provide on a supplemental basis a detailed explanation of why you believe disclosure of the targets is not required because it would result in competitive harm such that the information could be excluded under Instruction 4 to Item 402(b)

Response

As disclosed on page 17, the PVRSUs that we grant are subject to conditions that are based upon three- or four-year cumulative EPS compared to EPS targets (the “Performance Goals”) for the applicable term. Therefore, disclosing the Performance Goals for PVRSUs would by its nature involve disclosure of prospective performance expectations. For the reasons described herein, including the Company’s status as a franchisor-only hotel company, we believe that providing such prospective performance expectations could result in competitive harm to the Company.

The Performance Goals, as with the Company’s multi-year business plan generally, represent material non-public information. The primary competitive harm to the Company that could result from disclosure of the Performance Goals is that franchisees and potential franchisees could use the information to compare our results to actual performance in determining whether to remain within or join the Choice family of brands. As disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K:

“Competition among franchise lodging chains is intense in attracting potential franchisees to the system, retaining existing franchisees and in generating reservations for franchisees. Franchise contracts are typically long-term in nature, but most allow the hotel owner to opt out of the agreement at mutually agreed upon anniversary dates. … Since our franchise system revenues are based on franchisees’ gross room revenues, our prospects for growth are largely dependent upon the ability of our franchisees to compete in the lodging market, our ability to convert competitor franchises and independent hotels to our brands and the ability of our franchisees to obtain financing to construct new hotels.” 1

Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on March 1, 2007, at page 17 (“Competition”).

Jennifer Gowetski

Attorney-Advisor

Division of Corporation Finance

December 19, 2007

Page

Hotel operators (including current and prospective Choice franchisees) generally seek to partner their hotels (whether through a franchise relationship or otherwise) with a company or brand that has both a solid financial track record and good prospects for growth.2 For a franchisor such as Choice, projected growth prospects for Choice brands and the Choice system are particularly important to current and prospective franchisees given the nature of Choice’s stated strategy of attempting to “leverage size, scale and distribution that reduces costs for hotel owners.”3 In addition to cost savings to hotel owners created by Choice’s ability to expand and leverage its franchise system, current and prospective franchisees also seek information related to the size and growth prospects of the Choice system because they know that a large and growing franchise system will create a larger pool of marketing and advertising funds that Choice will be required to spend for the benefit of its franchisees. This is particularly true with respect to Choice’s newer, less-developed “growth” brands such as Cambria Suites and Choice’s extended stay hotel brands (Suburban Extended Stay and MainStay Suites), where prospective franchisees have requested information (and sought contractual commitments) related to brand growth, seeking to gain assurance that Choice’s expects that its “growth” brands to gain momentum and the critical mass of hotels required to drive the continued growth and success of the Company and its brands.

As described on pages 2 and 6 of the Company’s Form 10-K, Choice’s business strategy focuses on hotel franchising (i.e., the Company does not own, operate or manage hotels). As such, substantially all of the Company’s revenues and earnings are generated by royalty and other payments related to the franchise system. Because current and prospective franchisees understand the strong correlation between the Company’s earnings and the results of its franchise operations4, we expect that they would attempt to utilize available earnings information (particularly prospective information) to form an opinion about the prospects of the Choice franchise system. Thus, there is a unique relationship between the Company’s long-term financial projections and the strength of its franchisee relationship: franchisees will select the Company as a branding partner and remain with the Company in part because of the Company’s financial strength and perceived business and growth prospects, but at the same time, the Company’s strength and business prospects as reflected in its earnings results depend on its ability to attract and retain franchisees. Again, this unique relationship is particularly significant with respect to the lesser-developed “growth” hotel brands, where real or perceived evidence of brand growth and momentum creates additional growth and momentum, while real or perceived evidence to the contrary may lead prospective franchisees to select competitive alternatives.

Because the Company does not otherwise disclose three-year or four-year financial projections, disclosure of the Performance Goals in the Company’s proxy statement could be used by existing and potential franchisees to compare reported versus anticipated results as a surrogate (whether a valid surrogate or not) for evaluating whether the Company is performing as well as projected at the time the Performance Goals were set. In particular, the Company is concerned that its competitors (i.e., other hotel franchising companies) could mischaracterize Performance Goals in a way that (correctly or not) may be slanted toward attempting to persuade existing Choice franchisees to exit the system or to dissuade potential franchisees from joining the Choice system. It is in large part because of this potential harm to the Company’s franchisee relationships from such comparisons

The desire and business necessity of partnering with a financially solid franchise partner is not unique to hotel franchising; in fact, the FTC requires the disclosure of financial statements (as Item 21) for franchisors of all business opportunities that are required to prepare the FTC-mandated Uniform Franchise Offering Circular.

Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on March 1, 2007, at page 6 (“Strategy”).

“The number of properties and rooms franchised under our brands significantly affects our results.” Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on March 1, 2007, at page 20.

Jennifer Gowetski

Attorney-Advisor

Division of Corporation Finance

December 19, 2007

Page

that the Company does not otherwise disclose three- and four-year financial projections. For these reasons, as discussed further below, we believe that the Performance Goals are exempt from disclosure pursuant to Exemption 4 to FOIA (5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(4)).

Analysis of Exemption 4 of the FOIA

Instruction 4 to Item 402(b) of Regulation S-K, pertaining to executive compensation, states, “Registrants are not required to disclose target levels with respect to specific quantitative . . . performance-related factors . . . involving confidential trade secrets or confidential commercial or financial information, the disclosure of which would result in competitive harm for the registrant.” This instruction is similar to and derived from Exemption 4 of the FOIA (“Exemption 4”).5

There are three requirements for application of Exemption 4:

•

The information must contain either commercial or financial information;

•

It must be obtained from a person; and

•

The information must be privileged or confidential.6

The Performance Goals are “Commercial or Financial” Information. The Performance Goals are commercial and financial information. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit has held that “the terms ‘commercial’ and ‘financial’ . . . should be given their ordinary meanings,”7 which very broadly define the business, financial, policy and internal operations of a person or corporation. Further, information qualifies as “commercial” if it “pertain[s] or relat[es] to or deal[s] with commerce.”8 The United States District Court for the District of Columbia has held that information relating to financial and other expenses of a company is exempt from disclosure.9 In addition, pricing information, cost information and other financial data have been held to

5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(4).

Critical Mass Energy Project v. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 975 F.2d 871 (D.C. Cir. 1992), cert. denied, 507 U.S. 984 (1993).

Public Citizen Health Research Group v. FDA, 704 F.2d 1280, 1290 (D.C. Cir. 1983).

American Airlines, Inc. v. Nat’l Mediation Bd., 588 F.2d 863, 870 (1978).

Cortez III Service Corp., Inc. v. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 921 F. Supp. 8, 10, 13 (D.D.C. 1996).

Jennifer Gowetski

Attorney-Advisor

Division of Corporation Finance

December 19, 2007

Page

constitute protected “commercial or financial information.”10 The Performance Goals are both commercial and financial because they directly correspond to indicators of the Company’s financial and operational success as defined by its internal and confidential business plan at the time the Performance Goals are established. Therefore, based on the ordinary meanings of the terms, the Performance Goals clearly constitute “commercial” and “financial” information within the meaning of Exemption 4.

The Performance Goals have been Obtained from a “Person.” The second requirement of Exemption 4 is satisfied because the Performance Goals are derived from the Company, and a company is a “person” under Exemption 4.11

The Performance Goals are “Confidential” Information. The final requirement of Exemption 4 is that the information be confidential information, the disclosure of which would result in competitive harm for the registrant. In order for information to qualify, there must be a showing that disclosure of the information would likely result in substantial competitive harm to the person that submitted the information.12 In National Parks and Conservation Association v. Kleppe,13 the court stated that in order to show “substantial competitive harm,” a party must show that it actually faces competition and that substantial competitive injury would likely result from disclosure.

In National Parks, the court stated that the information it was evaluating qualified as competitively sensitive, noting that “Suppliers, contractors, labor unions and creditors, too, could use such information to bargain for higher prices, wages, or interest rates, while the [competitors of the company seeking confidential treatment who were not similarly required to disclose such information] would not be similarly exposed.”14 The SEC likewise has acknowledged that competitive harm exists under Exemption 4 when confidential information could be used by customers and suppliers in their future dealings with a company. In a request for information on royalty rates and distribution fees redacted from a Form 10-Q, the SEC found that making this information public would “hinder [the company’s] negotiation position in future deals with other companies.”15 In another decision, the Commission found that cost information and manufacturing

See Landfair v. United States Department of the Army, 645 F. Supp. 325, 328 (D.D.C. 1986); Timken Co. v. United States Customs Service, 491 F. Supp. 557, 559-60 (D.D.C. 1980).

See Allnet Communication Servs., Inc. v. FCC, 800 F. Supp. 984, 988 (D.D.C. 1992).

National Parks & Conservation Ass’n v. Morton, 498 F.2d. 765, 770 (D.C. Cir. 1974).

547 F.2d 673 (D.C. Cir. 1976).

547 F.2d at 684.

In re Freedom of Info. Act Appeal of Samuel Schulman, FOIA Release No. 97, 42 SEC Docket 343 (Nov. 16, 1988).

Jennifer Gowetski

Attorney-Advisor

Division of Corporation Finance

December 19, 2007

Page

schedules were exempt from disclosure because details of the company’s contract had the potential to harm future business dealings.16 Because franchisees hold a unique position that has elements of being both a customer of and a supplier to the Company, we believe that competitive harm under Exemption 4 encompasses potential harm to the Company’s franchisee relations and franchisee network.

The Company faces substantial competition in attracting potential franchisees to its system.17 However, the Company does not otherwise provide franchisees or potential franchisees with its confidential, internal business projections (including not providing them information on the Performance Goals). The Company provides the market with forward-looking information relating to its EPS performance, but only provides that guidance on a prospective one-year basis (with applicable updates and revisions, as necessary). Thus, disclosing the Performance Goals approximately 15 months into the 36-month or 48-month performance cycle under the PVRSU program would result in Company disclosures that provide projections more than one year beyond the guidance that the Company currently publicly discloses, and would disclose that forward-looking information more than one year after it was developed. As a result, franchisees and potential franchisees would have greater information on both the Company’s internal and confidential perspective of its financial prospects and on how the Company’s internal assessments of that information has evolved over time. The Company believes not only that this information could be used by franchisees and potential franchisees in an attempt to assess the Company’s prospects for operational strength and brand and system growth, but that this assessment will be capable of being exploited by the Company’s competitors. In the words of the courts interpreting the FOIA exemption, this type of information is the type that provides an interested party “with valuable insights into the operational strengths and weaknesses”18 of the Company by virtue of understanding its expectations for operating performance in the coming years and on how it has actually performed as against internally generated goals.

Moreover, the Company believes that providing two sets of EPS projections, the one-year projections that the Company currently voluntarily discloses to the public and the three-year and four-year targets comprising the Perf

Show Raw Text
CORRESP
1
filename1.htm

Correspondence Letter

 December 19, 2007

 Via EDGAR and Facsimile to (202) 772-9210

 Jennifer Gowetski

 Attorney-Advisor

 Division of Corporation Finance

 Securities and Exchange Commission

 100 F Street, N.E.

 Washington, D.C. 20549

Re:
Choice Hotels International, Inc.

 Definitive
14A

 Filed March 30, 2007

 File No. 001-13393

 Dear Ms. Gowetski,

 On behalf of Choice Hotels International, Inc., this responds to your letter of December 5, 2007, in which you commented on our letter to you dated
November 9, 2007, regarding our Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A for the 2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Each of your comments is set forth below, followed by our response.

 Comment 1

 We have reviewed your response to comment no. 3 and
reissue the comment. Please revise your disclosure in future filings to identify all the component companies of the survey data, including “non-customized” surveys, if you are benchmarking to them. Refer to Item 402(b)(2)(xiv) of
Regulation S-K.

 Jennifer Gowetski

 Attorney-Advisor

 Division of Corporation Finance

 December 19, 2007

  Page
 2

 Response

 In the future, we will identify all component companies of any survey that is used for benchmarking purposes.

 Comment 2

 We note your response to comment no. 7. Please disclose your performance targets, or if you intend to exclude these targets, provide on a supplemental
basis a detailed explanation of why you believe disclosure of the targets is not required because it would result in competitive harm such that the information could be excluded under Instruction 4 to Item 402(b)

 Response

 As disclosed on page 17,
the PVRSUs that we grant are subject to conditions that are based upon three- or four-year cumulative EPS compared to EPS targets (the “Performance Goals”) for the applicable term. Therefore, disclosing the Performance Goals for PVRSUs
would by its nature involve disclosure of prospective performance expectations. For the reasons described herein, including the Company’s status as a franchisor-only hotel company, we believe that providing such prospective performance
expectations could result in competitive harm to the Company.

 The Performance Goals, as with the Company’s multi-year business plan
generally, represent material non-public information. The primary competitive harm to the Company that could result from disclosure of the Performance Goals is that franchisees and potential franchisees could use the information to compare our
results to actual performance in determining whether to remain within or join the Choice family of brands. As disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K:

 “Competition among franchise lodging chains is intense in attracting potential franchisees to
the system, retaining existing franchisees and in generating reservations for franchisees. Franchise contracts are typically long-term in nature, but most allow the hotel owner to opt out of the agreement at mutually agreed upon anniversary dates.
… Since our franchise system revenues are based on franchisees’ gross room revenues, our prospects for growth are largely dependent upon the ability of our franchisees to compete in the lodging market, our ability to convert competitor
franchises and independent hotels to our brands and the ability of our franchisees to obtain financing to construct new hotels.” 1

 1

 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on March 1, 2007, at page 17
(“Competition”).

 Jennifer Gowetski

 Attorney-Advisor

 Division of Corporation Finance

 December 19, 2007

  Page
 3

 Hotel operators (including current and
prospective Choice franchisees) generally seek to partner their hotels (whether through a franchise relationship or otherwise) with a company or brand that has both a solid financial track record and good prospects for growth.2 For a franchisor such as Choice, projected growth prospects for Choice brands and the Choice system are particularly important to current and prospective
franchisees given the nature of Choice’s stated strategy of attempting to “leverage size, scale and distribution that reduces costs for hotel owners.”3 In addition to cost savings to hotel owners created by Choice’s ability to expand and leverage its franchise system, current and prospective franchisees also seek information related to the size and growth
prospects of the Choice system because they know that a large and growing franchise system will create a larger pool of marketing and advertising funds that Choice will be required to spend for the benefit of its franchisees. This is particularly
true with respect to Choice’s newer, less-developed “growth” brands such as Cambria Suites and Choice’s extended stay hotel brands (Suburban Extended Stay and MainStay Suites), where prospective franchisees have requested
information (and sought contractual commitments) related to brand growth, seeking to gain assurance that Choice’s expects that its “growth” brands to gain momentum and the critical mass of hotels required to drive the continued growth
and success of the Company and its brands.

 As described on pages 2 and
6 of the Company’s Form 10-K, Choice’s business strategy focuses on hotel franchising (i.e., the Company does not own, operate or manage hotels). As such, substantially all of the Company’s revenues and earnings are generated
by royalty and other payments related to the franchise system. Because current and prospective franchisees understand the strong correlation between the Company’s earnings and the results of its franchise operations4, we expect that they would attempt to utilize available earnings information (particularly prospective information) to form an opinion about the prospects of the Choice franchise
system. Thus, there is a unique relationship between the Company’s long-term financial projections and the strength of its franchisee relationship: franchisees will select the Company as a branding partner and remain with the Company in part
because of the Company’s financial strength and perceived business and growth prospects, but at the same time, the Company’s strength and business prospects as reflected in its earnings results depend on its ability to attract and retain
franchisees. Again, this unique relationship is particularly significant with respect to the lesser-developed “growth” hotel brands, where real or perceived evidence of brand growth and momentum creates additional growth and momentum,
while real or perceived evidence to the contrary may lead prospective franchisees to select competitive alternatives.

 Because the
Company does not otherwise disclose three-year or four-year financial projections, disclosure of the Performance Goals in the Company’s proxy statement could be used by existing and potential franchisees to compare reported versus anticipated
results as a surrogate (whether a valid surrogate or not) for evaluating whether the Company is performing as well as projected at the time the Performance Goals were set. In particular, the Company is concerned that its competitors (i.e.,
other hotel franchising companies) could mischaracterize Performance Goals in a way that (correctly or not) may be slanted toward attempting to persuade existing Choice franchisees to exit the system or to dissuade potential franchisees from joining
the Choice system. It is in large part because of this potential harm to the Company’s franchisee relationships from such comparisons

 2

 The desire and business necessity of partnering with a financially solid franchise
partner is not unique to hotel franchising; in fact, the FTC requires the disclosure of financial statements (as Item 21) for franchisors of all business opportunities that are required to prepare the FTC-mandated Uniform Franchise Offering
Circular.

 3

 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on March 1, 2007, at page 6
(“Strategy”).

 4

 “The number of properties and rooms franchised under our brands significantly
affects our results.” Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on March 1, 2007, at page 20.

 Jennifer Gowetski

 Attorney-Advisor

 Division of Corporation Finance

 December 19, 2007

  Page
 4

that the Company does not otherwise disclose three- and four-year financial projections. For these reasons, as discussed further below, we believe that the
Performance Goals are exempt from disclosure pursuant to Exemption 4 to FOIA (5 U.S.C. § 552(b)(4)).

 Analysis of
Exemption 4 of the FOIA

 Instruction 4 to Item 402(b) of Regulation S-K,
pertaining to executive compensation, states, “Registrants are not required to disclose target levels with respect to specific quantitative . . . performance-related factors . . . involving confidential trade secrets or confidential commercial
or financial information, the disclosure of which would result in competitive harm for the registrant.” This instruction is similar to and derived from Exemption 4 of the FOIA (“Exemption 4”).5

 There are three requirements for application of Exemption 4:

•

 The information must contain either commercial or financial information;

•

 It must be obtained from a person; and

 •

 The information must be privileged or confidential.6

 The Performance
Goals are “Commercial or Financial” Information. The Performance Goals are commercial and financial information. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit has held that “the terms
‘commercial’ and ‘financial’ . . . should be given their ordinary meanings,”7 which very broadly define the business, financial,
policy and internal operations of a person or corporation. Further, information qualifies as “commercial” if it “pertain[s] or relat[es] to or deal[s] with commerce.”8 The United States District Court for the District of Columbia has held that information relating to financial and other expenses of a company is exempt from disclosure.9 In addition, pricing information, cost information and other financial data have been held to

 5

 5 U.S.C.
§ 552(b)(4).

 6

 Critical Mass Energy
Project v. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 975 F.2d 871 (D.C. Cir. 1992), cert. denied, 507 U.S. 984 (1993).

 7

 Public Citizen Health
Research Group v. FDA, 704 F.2d 1280, 1290 (D.C. Cir. 1983).

 8

 American Airlines, Inc.
v. Nat’l Mediation Bd., 588 F.2d 863, 870 (1978).

 9

 Cortez III Service
Corp., Inc. v. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 921 F. Supp. 8, 10, 13 (D.D.C. 1996).

 Jennifer Gowetski

 Attorney-Advisor

 Division of Corporation Finance

 December 19, 2007

  Page
 5

constitute protected “commercial or financial information.”10 The Performance Goals are both commercial and financial because they directly correspond to indicators of the Company’s financial and operational success as defined by its internal and confidential business plan
at the time the Performance Goals are established. Therefore, based on the ordinary meanings of the terms, the Performance Goals clearly constitute “commercial” and “financial” information within the meaning of Exemption 4.

 The Performance Goals have been Obtained from a
“Person.” The second requirement of Exemption 4 is satisfied because the Performance Goals are derived from the Company, and a company is a “person” under Exemption 4.11

 The Performance Goals are “Confidential” Information. The final requirement of Exemption 4 is that the information be confidential information, the disclosure of which
would result in competitive harm for the registrant. In order for information to qualify, there must be a showing that disclosure of the information would likely result in substantial competitive harm to the person that submitted the
information.12 In National Parks and Conservation Association v. Kleppe,13 the court stated that in order to show “substantial competitive harm,” a party must show that it actually faces competition and that substantial
competitive injury would likely result from disclosure.

 In National
Parks, the court stated that the information it was evaluating qualified as competitively sensitive, noting that “Suppliers, contractors, labor unions and creditors, too, could use such information to bargain for higher prices, wages, or
interest rates, while the [competitors of the company seeking confidential treatment who were not similarly required to disclose such information] would not be similarly exposed.”14 The SEC likewise has acknowledged that competitive harm exists under Exemption 4 when confidential information could be used by customers and suppliers in
their future dealings with a company. In a request for information on royalty rates and distribution fees redacted from a Form 10-Q, the SEC found that making this information public would “hinder [the company’s] negotiation position in
future deals with other companies.”15 In another decision, the Commission found that cost information and manufacturing

 10

 See Landfair v. United States Department of the Army,
645 F. Supp. 325, 328 (D.D.C. 1986); Timken Co. v. United States Customs Service, 491 F. Supp. 557, 559-60 (D.D.C. 1980).

 11

 See Allnet Communication Servs., Inc. v. FCC, 800 F. Supp.
984, 988 (D.D.C. 1992).

 12

 National Parks & Conservation Ass’n v. Morton, 498 F.2d.
765, 770 (D.C. Cir. 1974).

 13

 547 F.2d 673 (D.C. Cir. 1976).

 14

 547 F.2d at 684.

 15

 In re Freedom of Info. Act Appeal of Samuel Schulman, FOIA Release
No. 97, 42 SEC Docket 343 (Nov. 16, 1988).

 Jennifer Gowetski

 Attorney-Advisor

 Division of Corporation Finance

 December 19, 2007

  Page
 6

schedules were exempt from disclosure because details of the company’s contract had the potential to harm future business dealings.16 Because franchisees hold a unique position that has elements of being both a customer of and a supplier to the Company, we believe that
competitive harm under Exemption 4 encompasses potential harm to the Company’s franchisee relations and franchisee network.

 The Company faces substantial competition in attracting potential franchisees to its system.17 However, the Company does not otherwise provide franchisees or potential franchisees with its confidential, internal business
projections (including not providing them information on the Performance Goals). The Company provides the market with forward-looking information relating to its EPS performance, but only provides that guidance on a prospective one-year basis (with
applicable updates and revisions, as necessary). Thus, disclosing the Performance Goals approximately 15 months into the 36-month or 48-month performance cycle under the PVRSU program would result in Company disclosures that provide projections more
than one year beyond the guidance that the Company currently publicly discloses, and would disclose that forward-looking information more than one year after it was developed. As a result, franchisees and potential franchisees would have greater
information on both the Company’s internal and confidential perspective of its financial prospects and on how the Company’s internal assessments of that information has evolved over time. The Company believes not only that this information
could be used by franchisees and potential franchisees in an attempt to assess the Company’s prospects for operational strength and brand and system growth, but that this assessment will be capable of being exploited by the Company’s
competitors. In the words of the courts interpreting the FOIA exemption, this type of information is the type that provides an interested party “with valuable insights into the operational strengths and weaknesses”18 of the Company by virtue of understanding its expectations for operating performance in the coming years and on how it has actually
performed as against internally generated goals.

 Moreover, the Company believes that providing two sets of EPS projections,
the one-year projections that the Company currently voluntarily discloses to the public and the three-year and four-year targets comprising the Perf