SEC Company Response from TOP SHIPS INC. (TOPS) (CIK 0001296484) (TOPS) — Sep 18, 2007
TOP SHIPS INC. (TOPS) (CIK 0001296484)
Date: Sept. 18, 2007 · CIK: 0001296484 · Accession: 0000919574-07-004570
AI Filing Summary & Sentiment
File numbers found in text: 000-50859
Referenced dates: August 2, 2007
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SEWARD & KISSEL LLP
ONE BATTERY PARK PLAZA
NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10004
TELEPHONE: (212) 574-1200
Facsimile: (212) 480-8421
www.sewkis.com
September 18, 2007
VIA EDGAR
Mr. Michael Fay
Division of Corporation Finance
Securities and Exchange Commission
CF/AD5
100 F Street, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: TOP Tankers Inc. Form 20-F for Fiscal Year
Ended December 31, 2006 (File No. 000-50859)
Dear Mr. Fay:
This letter responds to follow-on comments of the staff (the "Staff")
of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") to the Annual Report on
Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006 ("Form 20-F") of TOP
Tankers Inc. (the "Company") filed April 20, 2007, as provided in a letter to
Evangelos J. Pistiolis, the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer,
dated September 5, 2007 (the "September Comment Letter"). The Staff had
initially provided comment to the Company's Form 20-F in a letter dated August
2, 2007 (the "August Comment Letter"), and the Company responded to the August
Comment Letter in correspondence filed on EDGAR on August 24, 2007 (the "Initial
Response Letter"). This letter sets forth the Company's responses to the Staff's
comments.
As discussed with the Staff, we are providing the following appendices
to this letter supplementally:
Appendix B,
Appendix C(i), (ii) and (iii),
Appendix D.
For your convenience, the Staff's comments have been restated in their
entirety, with the responses to each comment set forth immediately under the
comment.
Form 20-F For the Year Ended December 31, 2006
----------------------------------------------
Item 3. Key Information
Selected Financial Information
Comment 1. Refer to your response to our prior comment 1. You state EBITDA
is useful because it is used by financial analysts and because it
facilitates operating performance comparisons from period to
period and from company to company by backing out differences
caused by variations in capital structure, tax positions, and
facilities and equipment. With regard to its use by financial
analysts, this is not a substantive reason specific to you that
justifies usefulness. Refer to footnote 44 of FR-65. With regard
to facilitating operating performance comparisons from period to
period, it does not appear that you have explained how this
measure is useful. If your implication is that EBITDA facilitates
period to period comparisons by eliminating certain variances in
items eliminated, we caution you that a non-GAAP measure should
never be used in an attempt to smooth earnings. With regard to
facilitating operating performance comparisons from company to
company, it is not clear why you believe it is useful for
investors to ignore factors such as capital structure, tax
positions, and facilities and equipment when making such
comparisons. Additionally, interest and tax expenses we already
excluded from operating income, a GAAP measure, so it is not
clear why an alternative measure is necessary to exclude such
amounts. Based on your response, you have not provided
substantive justification as to the usefulness of EBITDA to
investors. Therefore, please revise your filings to eliminate
presentation of this non-GAAP measure.
Response: The Company will refrain from including EBITDA in future filings
on Form 20F.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
-------------------------------------
Comment 2. Refer to your response to our prior comment number 3. Please
consider adding disclosure consistent with your response that
explains why restricted cash is presented as both an investing
and financing activity in the statements of cash flows as
applicable.
Response: The Company will add such disclosure in future filings.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies
(m) Accounting for Dry-Docking Costs
Comment 3. We note your responses to our prior comment numbers 4, 5, and 6
and appreciate your detailed responses. You state that upon
survey or inspection of your vessels, you incur costs for tasks
necessary to satisfy requirements of the vessel's classification
society and that you capitalize such costs. The fact that certain
repair and maintenance activities are determined to be necessary
as a result of regulatory inspections should not affect how you
account for the associated costs. While you deem these costs to
be "non-routine" and integral to satisfying inspection
requirements, in large part they appear to be incurred for
repairs and maintenance that do not appreciably extend the useful
life, increase the earning capacity, or improve the efficiency of
the vessels, but rather allow the vessels to continue to be
operated in their current capacity. In this regard, it appears
these costs do not qualify for capitalization but rather should
be expensed as incurred in accordance with your accounting policy
for repairs and maintenance costs, which states that all repairs
and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Based on the cost
categories outlined in your response to our prior comment 6,
steelworks, coating of tanks and other components, piping and
valves, and machinery and electrical works costs do not generally
appear eligible for capitalization. With regard to the "other
expenses" category, "oil sludge," "sewage and garbage removal,"
"temporary lighting," "telephone and ventilation services," and
"cleaning of debris" also do not appear eligible for
capitalization. We believe you should amend your Form 20-F for
the year ended December 31, 2006 and subsequent filings, as
appropriate, to restate your financial statements to expense when
incurred the costs indicated in this comment that had been
previously capitalized.
Response: The Company respectfully disagrees with the Staff's assessment
that drydocking costs (also referred to herein as Planned Major
Maintenance Activities or PMMA) should be expensed when incurred
rather than deferred.
Survey processes for tankers are made up of integral steps set
out by the International Maritime Organization ("IMO") and Class
Societies to promote safety of life at sea, to certify the
vessels' seaworthiness, to protect the environment, as well as to
regulate all aspects of a vessel's construction and operation.
IMO requirements are adopted by flag administrations which in
turn delegate the implemenation and issuance of the relevant
certificates to the classification societies.
As discussed below, drydocking occurs in connection with class
and statutory surveys required by a vessel's classification
society and flag. Drydocking is a mandatory step that must be
undertaken in order to satisfy statutory requirements by the IMO
and to obtain or continue a vessel's class certification. Without
the above required certifications, both class and statutory, a
vessel is not able to operate in trade. Therefore, drydocking is
directly analogous to airframe and aircraft engine overhauls
required by civil air regulations at specific maximum periodic
intervals to recertify that the airframe or engine is completely
airworthy.(1) The Airline Guide , as amended in September 2006 by
FASB Staff Position FSP AUG AIR-1 ("FSP AIR"), notes the
principal source of guidance on the accounting for PMMA is the
Airline Guide. FSP AIR permits three alternative methods of
accounting for PMMA as follows: (1) direct expense, (2) built-in
overhaul and (3) deferral.(2) We understand during the
deliberation of the FSP AIR, the Financial Accounting Standards
Board ("FASB") recognized in its meetings that entities in the
shipping industry typically account for PMMA using the deferral
method.(3) FSP AIR further notes the guidance in the FSP is
applicable to entities in all industries.(4)
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(1) AICPA Industry Audit Guide, Audits of Airlines, With Conforming Changes as
of May 2005, Section 3.64. This guide will be referred to hereinafter as
"Airline Guide." It is widely recognized that the Airline Guide is often
applied by analogy by companies in other industries. See, e.g., FASB Staff
Position FSP AUG-AIR-1, paragraph 4 ("The guidance in this FSP is
applicable to entities in all industries").
(2) FSP AUG AIR-1 amended the Airline Guide to delete, effective beginning with
the first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2006, the
accrual-in-advance method for PMMAs.
(3) Discussed during Board Meeting of the Financial Accounting Standards
Board--Planned Major Maintenance Activities Agenda Request, March 8, 2006.
(4) FASB Staff Position FSP AUG-AIR-1, paragraph 4.
<PAGE>
Drydocking costs may be deferred because they are analogous to
the airframe and engine overhauls discussed in the Airline Guide.
The Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA") has established
overhaul cycles for each airframe and engine component in an
effort to prevent potential hazards and to ensure transportation
safety.(5) For accounting purposes, airframe and aircraft engine
overhauls encompass all inspections or replacements of major
components, which the civil air regulations require at specific
maximum periodic intervals to recertify that the airframe or
engine is completely airworthy(6). An overhaul does not include,
however, the cost of routine replacement of minor parts.(7) Under
the Airline Guide, carriers should adopt an accounting method
that recognizes overhaul expenses in the appropriate period.(8)
One acceptable method contained in FSP AIR and the Airline Guide
is the deferral method, under which the actual cost of each
overhaul is deferred and amortized to the next overhaul.(9)
In accordance with FSP AIR, we believe drydocking costs may be
deferred as they are directly analogous to the airframe and
engine overhauls discussed in the Airline Guide. With very few
exceptions, vessels are drydocked only in connection with
statutory and class requirements and the necessary overhauling
performed needs to comply with classification standards and
statutory requirements in order to obtain or maintain the
relevant certificates. As with aircraft, which cannot operate
commercially without being recertified by civil aviation
authorities, a cargo vessel (regardless of whether it is a
tanker, drybulk carrier or container vessel) is not considered
seaworthy, cannot be insured and therefore cannot operate unless
it is certified as being "in class" by the applicable
classification society and in compliance with flag statutory
requirements.(10)
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(5) Airline Guide, Section 3.63.
(6) Airline Guide, Section 3.64.
(7) Id. Also excluded from overhauls are costs accounted for as restoration of
assets, such as extraordinary costs associated with the renewal of major
structural parts beyond the scope of normal periodic overhauls, and other
costs with a life span similar to the depreciable service life of the
related airframe or aircraft engine.
(8) Airline Guide, Section 3.69.
(9) Id. As discussed below, the use of the deferral method for drydocking
expenses has been adopted by almost every listed shipping company.
(10) The International Maritime Organization ("IMO") in its regulation of the
Safety Of Life At Sea ("SOLAS), Regulation 10.a(v), specifically defines
the mandatory survey Dry-Dock ("DD") cycles of all cargo vessels. A copy of
the regulation is attached to this letter as Appendix A. Flag
administrations have approved classification societies that are responsible
for the implementation of these survey requirements.
<PAGE>
Each classification society imposes its own requirements that
must be fulfilled in order for the society to issue a
classification certificate to a vessel. With respect to
drydocking requirements, these classification societies'
requirements coincide with the International Maritime
Organization's SOLAS regulation. These requirements concern all
PMMAs, including steelworks, coating of tanks, piping and valves,
etc.(11) These activities and tasks are performed during
drydocking only because they are required for classification
purposes. Unless these tasks and activities are performed
completely and to the full satisfaction of the classification
society, the vessel could not achieve its class certificate.
The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS)
has developed a set of common rules for the vessels' construction
and periodical survey certification process. These common rules
are attached in Appendix D. Each classification society has
adjusted their requirements based on the IACS guidelines.
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(11) Attached as Appendix B are the survey requirements of one of the
classification societies, Det Norske Veritas (DNV), which is currently the
classification society for 12 of the Company's vessels. In addition,
attached as Appendix C(i), C(ii) and C(iii), respectively, are Class Status
Report, Survey Report and Condition Evaluation Report for the vessel
Priceless, which underwent drydocking in 2006. (12) Airline Guide, Section
3.64.
<PAGE>
The Company, in accordance with the requirements set by its
classification societies, has developed the following main
drydock works categories, in order to better monitor each process
and account for the relevant expenses accordingly. All of the
following categories include all the works that are required by
IACS Common Rules in sections Z10.1, titled "Hull Surveys of Oil
Tankers" and Sections Z18-Z22,