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SEC Comment Letter 0000000000-23-006089 to MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. (MULG) (CIK 0001629665)

MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. (MULG) (CIK 0001629665)
Date: June 7, 2023 · CIK: 0001629665 · Accession: 0000000000-23-006089

AI Filing Summary & Sentiment

File numbers found in text: 001-40636, 333-272378

Date
June 7, 2023
Author
Not clearly detected
Form
UPLOAD
Company
MULIANG VIAGOO TECHNOLOGY, INC. (MULG) (CIK 0001629665)

Letter

United States securities and exchange commission logo June 7, 2023 Lirong Wang Chief Executive Officer Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. 2498 Wanfeng Highway, Lane 181 Fengjing Town, Jinshan District Shanghai, China Re:Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 Filed April 17, 2023 File No. 001-40636 Dear Lirong Wang: We have reviewed your filing and have the following comments. In some of our comments, we may ask you to provide us with information so we may better understand your disclosure. Please respond to these comments within ten business days by providing the requested information or advise us as soon as possible when you will respond. If you do not believe our comments apply to your facts and circumstances, please tell us why in your response. After reviewing your response to these comments, we may have additional comments. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 Item 1. Business, page 1 1.At the onset of Part I, please disclose prominently that you are not a Chinese operating company but a Nevada holding company with operations conducted by your subsidiaries and through contractual arrangements with a variable interest entity (VIE) based in China and that this structure involves unique risks to investors. If true, disclose that these contracts have not been tested in court. Explain whether the VIE structure is used to provide investors with exposure to foreign investment in China-based companies where Chinese law prohibits direct foreign investment in the operating companies, and disclose that investors may never hold equity interests in the Chinese operating company. Your disclosure should acknowledge that Chinese regulatory authorities could disallow this structure, which would likely result in a material change in your operations and/or a material change in the value of your securities, including that it could cause the value of

FirstName LastNameLirong Wang Comapany NameMuliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. June 7, 2023 Page 2 FirstName LastNameLirong Wang Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. June 7, 2023 Page 2 your securities to significantly decline or become worthless. Provide a cross-reference to your detailed discussion of risks facing the company as a result of this structure. 2.Provide prominent disclosure about the legal and operational risks associated with being based in or having the majority of the company’s operations in China. Your disclosure should make clear whether these risks could result in a material change in your operations and/or the value of your securities or could significantly limit or completely hinder your ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. Your disclosure should address how recent statements and regulatory actions by China’s government, such as those related to the use of variable interest entities and data security or anti-monopoly concerns, have or may impact the company’s ability to conduct its business, accept foreign investments, or list on a U.S. or other foreign exchange. 3.Disclose each permission or approval that you, your subsidiaries, or the VIEs are required to obtain from Chinese authorities to operate your business and to offer securities to foreign investors. State whether you, your subsidiaries, or VIEs are covered by permissions requirements from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC), Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) or any other governmental agency that is required to approve the VIE’s operations, and state affirmatively whether you have received all requisite permissions or approvals and whether any permissions or approvals have been denied. Please also describe the consequences to you and your investors if you, your subsidiaries, or the VIEs: (i) do not receive or maintain such permissions or approvals, (ii) inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required, or (iii) applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change and you are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future. History, page 2 4.Please clearly disclose how you will refer to the holding company, subsidiaries, and VIEs when providing the disclosure throughout the document so that it is clear to investors which entity the disclosure is referencing and which subsidiaries or entities are conducting the business operations. Refrain from using terms such as “we” or “our” when describing activities or functions of a VIE. For example, disclose, if true, that your subsidiaries and/or the VIE conduct operations in China, that the VIE is consolidated for accounting purposes but is not an entity in which you own equity, and that the holding company does not conduct operations. Contractual Arrangements, page 5 5.Please expand the VIE quantitative metrics to include the same amount of detail as you presented in your Form S-1 file number 333-272378. For example, please include an updated condensed consolidating schedule that disaggregates the operations and depicts the financial position, cash flows, and results of operations as of the same dates and for the same periods as presented in the Form 10-K.

FirstName LastNameLirong Wang Comapany NameMuliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. June 7, 2023 Page 3 FirstName LastNameLirong Wang Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. June 7, 2023 Page 3 6.Please expand on your disclosure in this section to describe all contracts and arrangements through which you claim to have economic rights and exercise control that results in consolidation of the VIE’s operations and financial results into your financial statements. Identify clearly the entity in which investors are purchasing their interest and the entity(ies) in which the company’s operations are conducted. Describe the relevant contractual agreements between the entities and how this type of corporate structure may affect investors and the value of their investment, including how and why the contractual arrangements may be less effective than direct ownership and that the company may incur substantial costs to enforce the terms of the arrangements. Disclose the uncertainties regarding the status of the rights of the Nevada holding company with respect to its contractual arrangements with the VIE, its founders and owners, and the challenges the company may face enforcing these contractual agreements due to legal uncertainties and jurisdictional limits. 7.We note your disclosure that the Nevada holding company (through its ownership in Shanghai Mufeng) controls and receives the economic benefits of the VIE’s business operations through contractual agreements between the VIE and your Wholly Foreign- Owned Enterprise (WFOE) and that those agreements are designed to provide your WFOE with the power, rights, and obligations equivalent in all material respects to those it would possess as the principal equity holder of the VIE. We also note your disclosure that the Nevada holding company (through its ownership in Shanghai Mufeng) has become the primary beneficiary of the VIE. However, neither the investors in the Nevada holding company nor the holding company itself have an equity ownership in, direct foreign investment in, or control of, through such ownership or investment, the VIE. Accordingly, please refrain from implying that the contractual agreements are equivalent to equity ownership in the business of the VIE. Any references to control or benefits that accrue to you because of the VIE should be limited to a clear description of the conditions you have satisfied for consolidation of the VIE under U.S. GAAP. Additionally, your disclosure should clarify that you are the primary beneficiary of the VIE for accounting purposes. Please also disclose, if true, that the VIE agreements have not been tested in a court of law. Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, page 14 8.Please disclose the location of your auditor’s headquarters in this section. Item 1A. Risk Factors, page 16 9.We note your Risk Factors section is longer than 15 pages. Please revise your Form 10-K to provide a summary risk factor section with a series of concise, bulleted or numbered statements that is no more than two pages summarizing the principal factors that make an investment in the registrant or offering speculative or risky. See Item 105(b) of Regulation S-K. In this summary of risk factors, please ensure you disclose the risks that your corporate structure and being based in or having the majority of the company’s operations

FirstName LastNameLirong Wang Comapany NameMuliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. June 7, 2023 Page 4 FirstName LastName Lirong Wang Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. June 7, 2023 Page 4 in China poses to investors. In particular, describe the significant regulatory, liquidity, and enforcement risks. For example, specifically discuss risks arising from the legal system in China, including risks and uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws and that rules and regulations in China can change quickly with little advance notice; and the risk that the Chinese government may intervene or influence your operations at any time, or may exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China- based issuers, which could result in a material change in your operations and/or the value of the securities you are registering for sale. Acknowledge any risks that any actions by the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers could significantly limit or completely hinder your ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of your securities to significantly decline or be worthless. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures, page 84 10.It is not clear how you could reasonably conclude that your disclosure controls are effective given your conclusion that your internal controls are not effective. Further, we note the disclosure on page 40 of your Form S-1/A13 that your disclosure controls in 2021 were not effective and the disclosure in your Form 10-K that there were no changes in your internal controls during 2022. Please revise. Item 11. Executive Compensation, page 89 11.It appears that the financial statements may need to be revised to account for the services provided by your CEO and CFO at fair value. See the guidance in SAB 1:B. Note 3. Accounts Receivable, page F-21 12.Given that your accounts receivable at December 31, 2022 are substantially equal to your 2022 revenue, it is unclear whether any of your 2022 sales transactions were actually collected in cash. Further, it is not clear whether you are actually applying a 50% allowance for receivables over 6 months outstanding as stated on page 78. Consequently, there is a concern that either your allowance for doubtful accounts is materially understated or that your revenue recognition policy is not being properly applied. Please tell us how much of your December 31, 2021 receivables balance has actually been collected in cash. Tell us also how much of your December 31, 2022 receivables balance was subsequently collected in cash. Please tell us how much of your December 31, 2022 receivables balance consists of accounts for which the corresponding sales transaction was recognized prior to July 1, 2022. Please tell us also how much of your December 31, 2022 receivables balance consists of accounts for which the corresponding sales transaction was recognized prior to January 1, 2022. Explain to us how this information supports your conclusion that the $1,092,880 allowance balance at December 31, 2022 complies with United States GAAP. We may have further comment.

FirstName LastNameLirong Wang Comapany NameMuliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. June 7, 2023 Page 5 FirstName LastName Lirong Wang Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc. June 7, 2023 Page 5 Note 12. Concentrations, page F-27 13.Regarding the customer concentrations, please tell us whether either of the two companies are in anyway affiliated with Lirong Wang. We remind you that the company and its management are responsible for the accuracy and adequacy of their disclosures, notwithstanding any review, comments, action or absence of action by the staff. You may contact Al Pavot at 202-551-3738 or Terence O'Brien at 202-551-3355 if you have questions regarding comments on the financial statements and related matters. Please contact Conlon Danberg at 202-551-4466 or Jane Park at 202-551-7439 with any other questions. Sincerely, Division of Corporation Finance Office of Industrial Applications and Services cc: Jason Ye, Esq.

Show Raw Text
United States securities and exchange commission logo
June 7, 2023
Lirong Wang
Chief Executive Officer
Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.
2498 Wanfeng Highway, Lane 181
Fengjing Town, Jinshan District
Shanghai, China
Re:Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022
Filed April 17, 2023
File No. 001-40636
Dear Lirong Wang:
            We have reviewed your filing and have the following comments.  In some of our
comments, we may ask you to provide us with information so we may better understand your
disclosure.
            Please respond to these comments within ten business days by providing the requested
information or advise us as soon as possible when you will respond.  If you do not believe our
comments apply to your facts and circumstances, please tell us why in your response.
            After reviewing your response to these comments, we may have additional comments.
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022
Item 1. Business, page 1
1.At the onset of Part I, please disclose prominently that you are not a Chinese operating
company but a Nevada holding company with operations conducted by your subsidiaries
and through contractual arrangements with a variable interest entity (VIE) based in China
and that this structure involves unique risks to investors. If true, disclose that these
contracts have not been tested in court. Explain whether the VIE structure is used to
provide investors with exposure to foreign investment in China-based companies where
Chinese law prohibits direct foreign investment in the operating companies, and disclose
that investors may never hold equity interests in the Chinese operating company. Your
disclosure should acknowledge that Chinese regulatory authorities could disallow this
structure, which would likely result in a material change in your operations and/or a
material change in the value of your securities, including that it could cause the value of

 FirstName LastNameLirong Wang
 Comapany NameMuliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.
 June 7, 2023 Page 2
 FirstName LastNameLirong Wang
Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.
June 7, 2023
Page 2
your securities to significantly decline or become worthless. Provide a cross-reference to
your detailed discussion of risks facing the company as a result of this structure.
2.Provide prominent disclosure about the legal and operational risks associated with being
based in or having the majority of the company’s operations in China. Your disclosure
should make clear whether these risks could result in a material change in your operations
and/or the value of your securities or could significantly limit or completely hinder your
ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such
securities to significantly decline or be worthless. Your disclosure should address how
recent statements and regulatory actions by China’s government, such as those related to
the use of variable interest entities and data security or anti-monopoly concerns, have or
may impact the company’s ability to conduct its business, accept foreign investments, or
list on a U.S. or other foreign exchange.
3.Disclose each permission or approval that you, your subsidiaries, or the VIEs are required
to obtain from Chinese authorities to operate your business and to offer securities to
foreign investors. State whether you, your subsidiaries, or VIEs are covered by
permissions requirements from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC),
Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) or any other governmental agency that is
required to approve the VIE’s operations, and state affirmatively whether you have
received all requisite permissions or approvals and whether any permissions or approvals
have been denied. Please also describe the consequences to you and your investors if you,
your subsidiaries, or the VIEs: (i) do not receive or maintain such permissions or
approvals, (ii) inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required,
or (iii) applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change and you are required to
obtain such permissions or approvals in the future.
History, page 2
4.Please clearly disclose how you will refer to the holding company, subsidiaries, and VIEs
when providing the disclosure throughout the document so that it is clear to investors
which entity the disclosure is referencing and which subsidiaries or entities are conducting
the business operations. Refrain from using terms such as “we” or “our” when describing
activities or functions of a VIE. For example, disclose, if true, that your subsidiaries
and/or the VIE conduct operations in China, that the VIE is consolidated for accounting
purposes but is not an entity in which you own equity, and that the holding company does
not conduct operations.
Contractual Arrangements, page 5
5.Please expand the VIE quantitative metrics to include the same amount of detail as you
presented in your Form S-1 file number 333-272378. For example, please include an
updated condensed consolidating schedule that disaggregates the operations and depicts
the financial position, cash flows, and results of operations as of the same dates and for
the same periods as presented in the Form 10-K.

 FirstName LastNameLirong Wang
 Comapany NameMuliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.
 June 7, 2023 Page 3
 FirstName LastNameLirong Wang
Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.
June 7, 2023
Page 3
6.Please expand on your disclosure in this section to describe all contracts and arrangements
through which you claim to have economic rights and exercise control that results in
consolidation of the VIE’s operations and financial results into your financial
statements. Identify clearly the entity in which investors are purchasing their interest and
the entity(ies) in which the company’s operations are conducted. Describe the relevant
contractual agreements between the entities and how this type of corporate structure may
affect investors and the value of their investment, including how and why the contractual
arrangements may be less effective than direct ownership and that the company may incur
substantial costs to enforce the terms of the arrangements. Disclose the uncertainties
regarding the status of the rights of the Nevada holding company with respect to its
contractual arrangements with the VIE, its founders and owners, and the challenges the
company may face enforcing these contractual agreements due to legal uncertainties and
jurisdictional limits.
7.We note your disclosure that the Nevada holding company (through its ownership
in Shanghai Mufeng) controls and receives the economic benefits of the VIE’s business
operations through contractual agreements between the VIE and your Wholly Foreign-
Owned Enterprise (WFOE) and that those agreements are designed to provide your
WFOE with the power, rights, and obligations equivalent in all material respects to those
it would possess as the principal equity holder of the VIE. We also note your disclosure
that the Nevada holding company (through its ownership in Shanghai Mufeng) has
become the primary beneficiary of the VIE. However, neither the investors in the Nevada
holding company nor the holding company itself have an equity ownership in, direct
foreign investment in, or control of, through such ownership or investment, the VIE.
Accordingly, please refrain from implying that the contractual agreements are equivalent
to equity ownership in the business of the VIE. Any references to control or benefits that
accrue to you because of the VIE should be limited to a clear description of the conditions
you have satisfied for consolidation of the VIE under U.S. GAAP. Additionally, your
disclosure should clarify that you are the primary beneficiary of the VIE for accounting
purposes. Please also disclose, if true, that the VIE agreements have not been tested in a
court of law.
Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, page 14
8.Please disclose the location of your auditor’s headquarters in this section.
Item 1A. Risk Factors, page 16
9.We note your Risk Factors section is longer than 15 pages. Please revise your Form 10-K
to provide a summary risk factor section with a series of concise, bulleted or numbered
statements that is no more than two pages summarizing the principal factors that make an
investment in the registrant or offering speculative or risky. See Item 105(b) of Regulation
S-K. In this summary of risk factors, please ensure you disclose the risks that your
corporate structure and being based in or having the majority of the company’s operations

 FirstName LastNameLirong Wang
 Comapany NameMuliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.
 June 7, 2023 Page 4
 FirstName LastName
Lirong Wang
Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.
June 7, 2023
Page 4
in China poses to investors. In particular, describe the significant regulatory, liquidity, and
enforcement risks. For example, specifically discuss risks arising from the legal system in
China, including risks and uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws and that rules
and regulations in China can change quickly with little advance notice; and the risk that
the Chinese government may intervene or influence your operations at any time, or may
exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-
based issuers, which could result in a material change in your operations and/or the value
of the securities you are registering for sale. Acknowledge any risks that any actions by
the Chinese government to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are
conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers could significantly
limit or completely hinder your ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors
and cause the value of your securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures, page 84
10.It is not clear how you could reasonably conclude that your disclosure controls are
effective given your conclusion that your internal controls are not effective. Further, we
note the disclosure on page 40 of your Form S-1/A13 that your disclosure controls in 2021
were not effective and the disclosure in your Form 10-K that there were no changes in
your internal controls during 2022. Please revise.
Item 11. Executive Compensation, page 89
11.It appears that the financial statements may need to be revised to account for the services
provided by your CEO and CFO at fair value. See the guidance in SAB 1:B.
Note 3. Accounts Receivable, page F-21
12.Given that your accounts receivable at December 31, 2022 are substantially equal to your
2022 revenue, it is unclear whether any of your 2022 sales transactions were actually
collected in cash. Further, it is not clear whether you are actually applying a 50%
allowance for receivables over 6 months outstanding as stated on page 78. Consequently,
there is a concern that either your allowance for doubtful accounts is materially
understated or that your revenue recognition policy is not being properly applied. Please
tell us how much of your December 31, 2021 receivables balance has actually been
collected in cash. Tell us also how much of your December 31, 2022 receivables balance
was subsequently collected in cash. Please tell us how much of your December 31, 2022
receivables balance consists of accounts for which the corresponding sales transaction was
recognized prior to July 1, 2022. Please tell us also how much of your December 31, 2022
receivables balance consists of accounts for which the corresponding sales transaction was
recognized prior to January 1, 2022. Explain to us how this information supports your
conclusion that the $1,092,880 allowance balance at December 31, 2022 complies with
United States GAAP. We may have further comment.

 FirstName LastNameLirong Wang
 Comapany NameMuliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.
 June 7, 2023 Page 5
 FirstName LastName
Lirong Wang
Muliang Viagoo Technology, Inc.
June 7, 2023
Page 5
Note 12. Concentrations, page F-27
13.Regarding the customer concentrations, please tell us whether either of the two companies
are in anyway affiliated with Lirong Wang.
            We remind you that the company and its management are responsible for the accuracy
and adequacy of their disclosures, notwithstanding any review, comments, action or absence of
action by the staff.
            You may contact Al Pavot at 202-551-3738 or Terence O'Brien at 202-551-3355 if you
have questions regarding comments on the financial statements and related matters.  Please
contact Conlon Danberg at 202-551-4466 or Jane Park at 202-551-7439 with any other
questions.
Sincerely,
Division of Corporation Finance
Office of Industrial Applications and
Services
cc:       Jason Ye, Esq.