SEC Company Response from PPD, Inc. (CIK 0001793294) — Jan 16, 2020
PPD, Inc. (CIK 0001793294)
Date: Jan. 16, 2020 · CIK: 0001793294 · Accession: 0001193125-20-009038
AI Filing Summary & Sentiment
Referenced dates: January 9, 2020
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CORRESP 1 filename1.htm CORRESP Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP 2475 HANOVER STREET PALO ALTO, CA 94304 TELEPHONE: +1-650-251-5000 FACSIMILE: +1-650-251-5002 Direct Dial Number +1-650-251-5110 E-mail Address wbrentani@stblaw.com January 16, 2020 Robert Shapiro Jim Allegretto Daniel Morris Mara Ransom Division of Corporation Finance Securities and Exchange Commission 100 F Street, N.E. Washington, D.C. 20549 Re: PPD, Inc. - Registration Statement on Form S-1 (CIK No. 0001793294) Ladies and Gentlemen: On behalf of PPD, Inc. (the “Company”), and in connection with Amendment No. 1 to the draft registration statement on Form S-1 (“DRS Amendment No. 1”) confidentially submitted to the staff (the “Staff”) of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on December 20, 2019, we hereby submit for review by the Staff Amendment No. 1 to the registration statement on Form S-1 (“Amendment No. 1”) filed with the Commission on the date hereof. The Company has revised Amendment No. 1 in response to the Staff’s comments in its letter, dated January 9, 2020, relating to DRS Amendment No. 1 (the “comment letter”), and to otherwise update its disclosure. Please note that the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-1 on January 9, 2020, which is amended by Amendment No 1. For the Staff’s reference, we are providing the Staff by overnight delivery copies of this letter as well as both a clean copy of Amendment No. 1 and a copy marked to show all changes from DRS Amendment No. 1. In addition, we are providing the following responses to the comment letter. To assist your review, we have retyped the text of the Staff’s comments in italics below. Page references in the text of this letter correspond to the pages of Amendment No. 1. Unless otherwise defined below, terms defined in Amendment No. 1 and used below shall have the meanings given to them in Amendment No. 1. The responses and information described below are based upon information provided to us by the Company. Further to the discussion between the undersigned and Daniel Morris of the Commission’s Staff on January 6, 2020, we have attached as Annex A to this letter the Company’s proposed draft of (i) two paragraphs including preliminary expectations of financial results for the year ended December 31, 2019, to be included at the end of the “Overview” subsection of the Summary section and (ii) the “Recent Developments” subsection of the Summary section, in each case, to be included in subsequent filings of the registration statement. When included in a filed version of the registration statement, the bullets in Annex A will be replaced with the applicable amounts. NEW YORK BEIJING HONG KONG HOUSTON LONDON LOS ANGELES SÃO PAULO TOKYO WASHINGTON, D.C. Summary Consolidated Financial Information, page 13 1. We note your response to comment 2. Please provide us with the types of items comprising the other credit agreement adjustments on page 17. Because Credit Adjusted EBITDA removes the effect on net income due to certain accounting pronouncements and you state that you are presenting Credit Adjusted EBITDA as a performance measure, such a measure appears to be a tailored Non-GAAP financial measure that could violate Rule 100(b) of Regulation G. Therefore, we believe you should omit this measure from the presentation. Refer to Compliance and Disclosure Interpretations on Non-GAAP Financial Measures (updated April 4, 2018), Question 100.04. In response to the Staff’s comments, the Company has removed Credit Adjusted EBITDA as a Non-GAAP financial measure, including the items comprising the other credit agreement adjustments, in its disclosure on page 17 and elsewhere throughout Amendment No. 1, as applicable, for all periods presented. As supplemental follow up to the Company’s discussion with the Staff on January 14, 2020, the Company advises the Staff that it has included net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest as an adjustment to calculate Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income as the Company (1) consolidates the noncontrolling entity, (2) manages and evaluates the Company’s performance based on consolidated metrics, including Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income results of the Company as a whole, and not only on the basis of its controlled interests, and (3) has historically been valued based on its consolidated Adjusted EBITDA results in connection with debt issuances and other recapitalization transactions, in accordance with commonly applied business valuation techniques. The Company also acknowledges that several other public companies treat net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest similar to the Company in including such amounts as Non-GAAP adjustments to Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income. Finally, the Company notes that the adjustment is immaterial as it represents less than 1% and 2%, of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income, respectively, for all periods presented in Amendment No. 1. 2. We note your response to comment 3. Referencing footnote (c) on page 18, cash-based compensation under the Long-Term Incentive Plan is a normal, recurring cash operating expense of the company and should not be included as an adjustment to calculate Adjusted EBITDA or Adjusted Net Income. Please remove this adjustment for all periods presented. Refer to Rule 100(b) of Regulation G and Compliance and Disclosure Interpretations on Non-GAAP Financial Measures (revised April 4, 2018), Question 100.01. In response to the Staff’s comments, the Company has removed the long-term incentive plan cash-based compensation adjustment from Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income on page 17 for all periods presented. 3. We note your response to comment 3. Referencing footnote (c) on page 18, please provide us with a breakdown of the amount of long-term incentive compensation under the LTIP versus the amount related to the special cash bonus compensation paid to option holders for each period presented. Please reconcile the amount of the adjustment related to the special cash bonus to compensation expense disclosed in Note 4 for fiscal years 2016 and 2017 resulting from the November 2016 declaration and payment of a special cash dividend to option holders (Special Cash Bonuses). If possible, please quantify the portion of the Special Cash Bonus Compensation adjustment that was paid in cash and the portion that is non-cash. 2 The Company advises the Staff that the other compensation adjustment relates to two types of expenses: (i) expenses associated with the long-term incentive plan (“LTIP”) and (ii) expenses associated with special cash bonuses paid to option holders in respect of their stock options as an equitable adjustment to such stock options in connection with special cash dividends paid to the Company’s stockholders. As addressed above, the Company has removed the expenses associated with the LTIP from the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income and revised the reconciliation and footnote (c) on pages 17 and 18 to indicate the remaining adjustments are attributable to special cash bonuses paid to option holders. As noted in the Company’s previous response to the Staff’s prior comment 3, these special cash dividends were directly related to unusual and intermittent recapitalization transactions and were based on a variety of factors, such as the performance of the Company, the Company’s ability to issue additional debt to finance the payment of cash dividends, conditions in the debt markets, and the desire to return capital to the Company’s stockholders, among others. The Company also notes for the Staff that the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) did not declare any special cash dividends or award any related equitable special cash bonuses to option holders in 2017 or 2018. Furthermore, no expenses associated with the special cash bonuses were recognized from June 2017 to April 2019. The Board retains sole discretion regarding the declaration of cash dividends, including special cash dividends, as well as the timing, extent and nature of any equitable adjustments required to be made for option holders under the Company’s equity incentive plans to offset the valuation impacts of any cash dividends. Accordingly, the timing and declaration of these special cash bonuses were not, nor were they intended to be, a reward to option holders for performance, but rather a component of the equitable adjustment required to be made for option holders under the Company’s incentive plans. To the extent special cash bonuses were included as part of these equitable adjustments to option holders, these bonuses were typically only made with respect to vested and unvested time-based options and vested performance-based options, and were paid over time similar to option vesting. The Company further advises the Staff that of the compensation expense disclosed in Note 4, 2016 included $3.3 million of non-cash stock-based compensation expense and $17.9 million of expense associated with special cash bonuses to option holders and 2017 included $2.1 million of accelerated compensation expense settled as a part of the Recapitalization and $2.0 million of expense associated with special cash bonuses to option holders. Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit and Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest, page F-8 4. We have read your response to comment number 11 regarding recapitalization transaction costs. We note your references to SAB Topics 1.B [sic] and 5.T [sic] as well as Deloitte’s A Roadmap to Accounting for Business Combinations, Section 6.7.1 Transaction Costs in a Recapitalization. It appears the cited references relate to fact patterns in which expenses are incurred by new investors on behalf of new investors. In those cases, we agree that such expenses would not be reflected as an expense of the company and a contribution of capital pursuant to SAB Topics 1:B and 5:T. However, the referenced transaction costs represent expenses incurred by the company that benefit new investors. Because such expenses were incurred by the company, we are unclear the basis for excluding company incurred expenses that have no future benefit from the determination of company net income. Please revise or advise of your accounting basis supporting the direct charge to accumulated deficit of company incurred transaction costs. 3 The Company advises the Staff that the Company did not incur expenses on behalf of, or for the benefit of new investors as noted in the Company’s previous response to the Staff’s comment number 11. The Company clarifies its previous response noting that the recapitalization transaction costs charged to accumulated deficit were paid on behalf of, and for the benefit of, the new investors in the Recapitalization and not for obligations incurred by the Company. Said differently, the Company was not the primary obligor for the $7.3 million of recapitalization transaction costs incurred on behalf of, and for the benefit of, the new investors; the new investors were the primary obligor and the Company paid those amounts on their behalf. Therefore, the Company’s treatment of such costs is in accordance with SAB Topics 1.B [sic] and 5.T [sic] as well as Deloitte’s A Roadmap to Accounting for Business Combinations, Section 6.7.1 Transaction Costs in a Recapitalization. The Company’s accounting treatment is also consistent with the guidance in E&Y’s Financial Reporting Development, Business Combinations, Section B.8.1.2, Transaction costs in a recapitalization (emphasis added): In connection with a recapitalization, the target entity frequently incurs fees and expenses associated with the transaction. Accounting for fees associated with a recapitalization depends on the activities to which the fees relate and the structure of the transaction as follows: 1. To the extent the fees relate to the issuance of debt, the fees are capitalized as debt issuance costs and amortized based on the effective interest method over the life of the debt. 2. To the extent the fees relate to the raising of capital (i.e., the issuance of equity), the fees are treated as a reduction to the total amount of equity raised. 3. To the extent the fees relate to the acquisition of treasury stock, the fees are treated as an element of the cost of the treasury stock. 4. To the extent the fees relate to other services such as advisory services or management services, the fees are expensed. When fees are incurred by a new investor (e.g., a “sponsoring entity”) and charged to the target entity, questions arise in practice on how the target entity should account for those fees. If the target entity is the primary obligor for the fees that were paid by the sponsoring entity, the fees are allocated to the target entity consistent with the concepts described in items 1 through 4. When fees are billed to the target entity as a single amount, the fees are allocated by analogy to the guidance provided in ASC 340-10-S99-2 (SAB Topic 2.A.6). For example, the amounts allocated to debt issuance costs normally result in an effective interest rate on the subject debt that is consistent with an effective market interest rate, and the amounts allocated to equity issuance costs would be consistent with fees an underwriter might charge in a public offering. On the other hand, if the sponsoring entity paid fees for which it is the primary obligor and charges the target entity for reimbursement of those fees, then that transaction is treated as a capital transaction by the target entity. As part of the Recapitalization, the Company was required to pay on behalf of, or reimburse, the new investors for their costs for which the new investors were the primary obligor. Therefore, the transaction should be treated as a capital transaction by the Company, in effect representing a return of capital to the new investors. As such, the Company charged the $7.3 million of recapitalization transaction costs to accumulated deficit, as additional paid-in-capital had been reduced to zero due to the sequencing of other events from the Recapitalization. 4 5. We have read your response to comment no 13. We note your reference to the definition of contingent consideration provided in the ASC Master Glossary and your acknowledgment that it was written in the context of business combination transactions in which guidance for contingent consideration is provided in ASC 805. You further state that you believe it would be appropriate to analogize to the accounting alternatives acceptable in practice for contingent consideration associated with asset acquisitions even though this transaction was not an asset acquisition. In this regard, you provide your assessment of the different accounting frameworks utilized in practice yet it is unclear when such practices emerged or which view represents predominant practice. Please provide a summary of your research regarding the number of participants adopting View A or B and whether such accounting was adopted after the issuance of SFAS 141R. Lastly, you imply that the liability associated with the Investment Portfolio meets the criteria in ASC 450-20-25-2, however the accounting for subsequent changes in the liability recorded under ASC 450 would be reflected as an expense in the statement of income as opposed to a direct entry to accumulated deficit. Given your preceding analogies to ASC 450 and 805 as well as your adoption of the fair value option for such underlying investments, please explain why the subsequent accounting for changes in the liability was not classified via analogy to ASC 805-30-35-1.b. The Company respectfully advises the Staff that prior to the issuance of Statement 141(R) (codified under ASC 805) there was no diversity in practice. A historical cost accumulation model was consistently applied to all acquisitions with contingent consid